Cambridge: Harvard University Press. We're sorry, but in order to log in and use all the features of this website, you will need to enable JavaScript in your browser. 1. London: Routledge. Her work has appeared on various digital properties, including USAToday.com. The collection of data is quick and easy to conduct, especially when doing surveys. It is an Efficient Form of Government. so that you can track your progress. It is widely used in Europe and has both advantages and disadvantages. Galligan, Y. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Pros of Representative Democracy. Cons. If you see Sign in through society site in the sign in pane within a journal: If you do not have a society account or have forgotten your username or password, please contact your society. It is tough to validate an accurate and complete representation of a study. The descriptive evaluation was proposed as opposed to traditional method of evaluation and it is based on new strategies for facing the government's challenges. The family has visited numerous places throughout the United States, however, none are as memorable as Atlanta, Georgia. Among them is Nancy Pelosi who became the Speaker of the House in the Eleventh Congress and James Clyburn, an African-American who served as Majority Whip. 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. These questions are all the more important given that Latinos are the single largest minority group in the country and growing at exponential rates. What are the advantages and disadvantages of the the different types of Hernes, H. (1987). The Pros And Cons Of Using Clicker. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. There are a few different ways to look at this by taking a look at different minority groups and examining their struggles. Creating a list that details both sides of the argument makes it easier to visualize the potential impact of your decision. University of Neuchtel. NORA Nordic Journal of Feminist and Gender Research, 8(2), 6377. Typically, multiple representation involves the buyer and seller. Studies of the representation of minority interests in the era following the enactment 2. There are three main types of descriptive methods: observational methods, case-study methods and survey methods. Lexington: D. C. Heath. Waterfall model is the very first model that is used in SDLC. Visualize the benefits and drawbacks of the solution. Representing Diversity. Descriptivists allow for change and are willing to forgo some rules to fit current norms. "Share icon", Quan Do, The Noun Project. Engelstad, F., & Teigen, M. (2012). Racial profiling and stereotyping are just two forms in which minorities have been facing for years. It might be helpful to take a longer-term perspective here: rather than focusing on the absence of particular (small) groups in society in any given legislature, focus on persistent exclusion over several legislatures. Conservatives and right-wing liberals have traditionally opposed it, while left-wing political parties and social movements often regard quotas for marginalized groups as decisive progressive measures in struggles for democracy and justice. Four of those types include tables, bar graphs, line graphs and pie charts. PubMedGoogle Scholar, Uni Research Rokkan Centre, Bergen, Norway, Centre for Womens and Gender Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway, Department of Comparative Politics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway, Department of Information Science and Media Studies, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway, Holst, C. (2016). African Americans were routinely deprived of the opportunity to participate in democracy, and Hispanics and other minority groups were fairly insignificant in number and excluded by the states. Reliance on analytical thinki ng. The institutional basis of democratic accountability. This research could include the information on the raw numbers of people who buy the product, the demographics of the end user and the focus groups that ask for consumer feedback on the product. New York: Verso. Problems of Descriptive Representation in Dutch Works Councils Advantages and disadvantages of descriptive representation Descriptive representation is where people are allowed to vote for leaders who they feel mirror their beliefs. Proportional Representation: Definition, Example, Pros & Cons Stella M. Rouse is assistant professor of government and politics at University of MarylandCollege Park. Mart, J. L. (2006). Limits of Descriptive Representation - Didier Ruedin 1. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. The classic example of this advantage is that critical sample can be useful in determining the value of an investigation, while the expert sampling approach allows for an in-depth analysis of the information that is present. Goodin (2004) highlights that there is a tension between including members from different groups and subgroups on the one hand, and the practical ability to debate in the legislature thus rob them of the possibility of substantively represent their particular subgroup. In the end, there is however a set of remaining pro arguments suggesting that descriptive representation produces some exclusive benefits. Purpose. Copyright 2023 Leaf Group Ltd. / Leaf Group Media, All Rights Reserved. Bicameral legislature emanates from the concept of representative democracy. (Eds.). The future of feminism. Acceptability: Such a report is acceptable to busy persons because it easily highlights the theme of the report. (1999). in or register, Cookies are small files that are stored on your browser. Defending equality of outcome. History shows how minorities within America have been marginalized. The current reservation system keeps 13% of vacancies in government sector reserved for SC, 7.5 % for ST and 27.5% for OBC. The Pros And Cons Of Labor. Women in parliaments: Descriptive and substantive representation. Top Advantages & Disadvantages of Reservation System in India Descriptive research designs also offer a unique means of data collection. descriptive representation pros and cons - chemtechspeciality.com \(\overset{\underset{\mathrm{def}}{}}{=} \). Thirdly and lastly, I will outline the implications that descriptive and substantive representation have on MEM representatives and voters, and the lessons learnt from studying Ngo as a MEM political representative. Professionals often use descriptive statistics to communicate simple trends within a data set. The article concludes with a discussion on the important avenues for future research as the level of diversity in Congress increases and more women and minorities enter the ranks of committee and party leadership. The chapter discusses the costs and benefits of descriptive representation under state feminism in the light of institutional variation and the fact of reasonable normative disagreement. The pros: Its the best way to collect data without bias. Does Grading Matter In College? - TheBestSchools.org I was taught to never judge someone by how they look but upon their actions. It is the land of oppression to progression, yet we still wear our scars and our heads up high. Weak coalition government: Proportional representation results in a weak and indecisive coalition government since every party wants to act in their best interest or get their own way with things. For example, if you are a representative for an ad agency, you may conduct research to find out consumer opinion on a certain product. ), Deliberative democracy and its discontents. Firms, boards and gender quotas: Comparative perspectives. Legal harmonization and intersectionality in Swedish and Norwegian anti-discrimination reform. The limitation that comes with statistics is that it can't allow you to make any sort of conclusions beyond the . From state-managed capitalism to neoliberal crisis. This law-making body is generally controlled by the laws and governed by the state constitution. The three worlds of welfare capitalism. 4. Journal of Political Philosophy, 12(1), 119. Get Access. This article examines theoretical expectations on the importance of descriptive representation. 18 Advantages and Disadvantages of Purposive Sampling Cambridge: Polity Press. Gendered Citizenship and the Politics of Representation, https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-51765-4_5, Shipping restrictions may apply, check to see if you are impacted, Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout. These are issues that have left minorities feeling as though they are belittled and not treated as fairly as the majority in our society. The analysis will stress that the deliberative function of democracy requires de-scriptive representation far more than does the aggregative function. Don't want to keep filling in name and email whenever you want to comment? On the negative side, descriptive research can sometimes be skewed to fit the needs of the researcher. Descriptive analysis also involves identifying the position of a single value or its response in relation to others. Journal of European Social Policy, 19(1), 1933. Convenience Sampling Defined: Pros & Cons - Verint Proportional representation, sometimes called simply "PR," is defined as an "electoral system in which parties gain seats in proportion to the number of votes cast for them." This is different than a direct system of representation, where each seat is put up to a vote for a specific candidate, regardless of what party to which they associate. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Lovenduski, J. Part of Springer Nature. Highlight the major advantages and disadvantages of the product, process, strategy, idea, etc. / Home; / About; descriptive representation pros and cons Descriptive analysis also involves identifying the position of a single value or its response in relation to others. Black faces, black interests: The representation of African-Americans in congress. Predictive analytics determines the potential outcomes of present and past actions and trends. What is Descriptive Analysis?- Types and Advantages - Analytics Steps Companies can collect data first-hand based on stats and unbiased information. The Pros And Cons Of Disney's "The Princess And The Frog" Weak coalition government:Proportional representation results in a weak and indecisive coalition government since every party wants to act in their best interest or get their own way with things. The Great Compromise And The Basics Of Bicameralism, Senate Representation And House Apportionment, Summary of the Institutional Design of Congress, Types Of Representation: Looking Out For Constituents, Collective Representation And Congressional Approval, Summary of House and Senate Organizations, Continue With the Mobile App | Available on Google Play, https://cnx.org/contents/W8wOWXNF@12.1:Y1CfqFju@5/Preface, https://thenounproject.com/term/share/7671/. Peter, F. (2011). Perhaps youve even made it yourself. 4. tees, and voters weigh the pros and cons of descriptive representation, this analysis argues for attention to the specific historical contexts that make descrip-tive representation most useful. This forces the government to dissolve the coalition. - 136.243.94.45. It helps by saving time and money while collecting data. One example of this is the district context hypothesis that states that individuals in districts. systems than the old and traditional ones (Tawil, 2002). Strengths & Weaknesses of Descriptive Research - Synonym . Pros of Reservation System in India The Reservation System in India traces its roots back to the pre-independence era, when it was introduced to put an end to social evils such as untouchability and caste system. It evaluates empirical evidence on the impact of race, gender, and ethnicity on the behavior of legislators. Bacchi, C. (1999). There are, however, practical limitations to including different groups and subgroups in There are many benefits of including minorities of power in decision-making so-called descriptive representation. Aldershot: Ashgate. Register or login to receive notifications when there's a reply to your comment or update on this information. Women in Parliaments: Descriptive and Substantive Representation One of the critical factors in understanding why a few blocks are preferable at controlling wrongdoing over others needs to do with open communities connections among individuals in the area. The pros of mixed-member proportional representation Would perfect mobility be perfect? Holst, C. (2010). Krizsan, A., Skjeie, H., & Squires, J. The Limits of Descriptive Representation Current Affairs Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. How Do Parliamentarians Define Descriptive Representation? Fortunes of feminism. 1. When determining whether or not legislators are representing their constituents interests, scholars using voting studies may overstate the role of strategic factors, such as reelection goals and constituent influence, while understating the effect of descriptive characteristics. A vast literature debates the efficacy of descriptive representation in legislatures. Gutmann, A., & Thompson, D. (1996). What are the pros and cons of descriptive research? Your browser seems to have Javascript disabled. Some of the most important are listed below. Descriptive statistics for the importance of the pros and cons "American Government", OpenStax, OpenStax; Rice University. Sound Bar vs. Surround Sound - Pros and cons - Descriptive Audio Various reforms such as the Civil Rights Act and Voting Rights Acts were implemented during the civil rights era as they helped promote greater inclusion and equity to, but not limited to, African Americans and Mexican-Americans. Social justice in the age of identity politics: Redistribution, recognition, and participation. On the other hand, there are some disadvantages of descriptive research. In J. Parkinson & J. Mansbridge (Eds. New York: Oxford University Press. Mellom fag og feminisme: Kvinneforskning i statsvitenskap. Marion Maddox, Kais Al-momani, Niki N. N. Dados, Journal on Ethnopolitics and Minority Issues in Europe, Leda Sutlovic, Toma Deelan, Danica Fink-Hafner, Jasminka Pesut, Centre for Peace and Social Justice Papers, The Institutional and Demographic Determinants of Latino Representation in State Legislatures, Legislative Oversight and the Substantive Representation of Black and Latino Interests in Congress, Women's Legislative Representation and Gender Equality: What Works in the Absence of a'Critical Mass', Quota Laws, Representation of Women and the Role of Civil Society Organizations, The Social and Political Forces Shaping Legislator-Constituent Relations: Expanding an Empirical Theory of Representation, Political Participation of Muslims in Australia, Citizen Panels and the Concept of Representation. https://thenounproject.com/term/share/7671/, CC BY. Nevertheless in a country where nearly 50% of Americans under 18 are minorities, the future looks quite hopeful for real change. . Olsen, J. P. (2013). Estlund, D. (2008). Crenshaw, K. (1991). Perhaps the strongest argument for descriptive research is the fact that it offers well-rounded support for a Applicable. Unless specified, this website is not in any way affiliated with any of the institutions featured. I argue that race and ethnicity matter in congressional oversight of bureaucratic policymaking. Descriptive representation occurs when elected politicians are typical of the larger class of persons that they represent, such that blacks represent blacks, disabled people represent disabled people and so on. Being a high school student I never payed much attention to anything outside of sports, academics and what crazy adventure me and my friends would be sucked into the upcoming weekend. Democracy and the new separation of powers. It could be argued that PR delivers fairer treatment of minority parties and independent candidates. Tests: The Material and Tangible Effects of Descriptive Representation. Minow, M. (1991). Kymlicka, W. (1993). By conducting research and engaging with faculty and students at Harvard Kennedy School and beyond, the fellows enrich the intellectual life of the center. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. Convenience Sampling Defined: Pros & Cons. What is a Descriptive Representative? | PS: Political Science Cleveland State Law Review, 39(3), 269300. This conclusion is complicated by the fact that some regard equal group level outcomes not as a good in and by itself but as the best available proxy for equal opportunities given available data and conventional statistical techniques (Phillips 2004). London: Routledge. Descriptive Representation: Factors that Contribute to the Underrepresentation of Hispanic-Americans in The U.S. House of Representatives According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the Hispanic population in the United States is fifty-four million. With descriptive representation, decision makers will be more diverse and may therefore be more likely to listen to the input of more diverse citizens, to give and receive from them the kind of information that is relevant to their concerns, and to respond to their expressed needs (Broockman, 2013). Evidence from Romania. 518). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Descriptive Representation in Election Administration These descriptive representations reflect the laws of nature, the system, or logical constraints for the design of the product. While qualitative research may be hard to argue against because it involves numbers and tests, questions of the researchers motive and method often arise. The question here is what happens to the calculus of descriptive representation under the condition that state feminist machineries are in place and work relatively efficiently. Compare the gains and losses of a proposal in the decision-making process. Arena Centre for European Studies, University of Oslo, Sognsveien 68, 0855, Oslo, Norway, You can also search for this author in This form of representation is called descriptive representation. Cambridge: Polity Press. For example, Patsy Mink (D-HI), the first Asian American woman elected to Congress, was the coauthor of the Education Amendments Act of 1972, Title IX of which prohibits sex discrimination in education. As one Black representative to the U.S. Congress told Carol Swain, "One of the advantages, and disadvantages, of representing blacks is their shameless loyalty to their incumbents. Descriptive representation allows for adequate communication in contexts of mistrust What is the relate-ability benefit of Descriptive Representation People will be more likely to communicate more with someone with whom they share a racial identity. My examination of hearing transcripts from the 107th Congress indicates that minority legislators are more likely than white legislators to participate in racial-oversight hearings but not more likely than whites to participate in social welfare hearings. CrossRef Sociologist. For minorities, America is not the land of the free. Methodological essentialism, false difference, and other dangerous traps. The Effects of Descriptive Representation on Interpersonal Relations. Access to content on Oxford Academic is often provided through institutional subscriptions and purchases. Descriptive research does not rely on only one type of data; it relies on both quantitative and qualitative Relatable. The mission of the fellowship is to support and advance academic and practitioner-scholars in their gender-related research. In academic and professional environments, researchers often take on research projects before making definitive statements or taking action involving the subject matter. Democratic political theory. Economics and Philosophy, 11, 2556. (DOC) Discuss the benefits and limitations of descriptive and People still have a voice. 8. Though the theory was that crime was around certain citys and remained stable within certain areas despite changes in the populations where certain people lived in the community. Democracy and disagreement. Descriptive Representation, Legislative Leadership, and Direct - JSTOR Culture and equality: An egalitarian critique of multiculturalism. Pearl Necklace for Women, 18K Gold Staion Neckalce Tin Cup Pearl Instead, proper representation for some is rooted in the racial, ethnic, socioeconomic, gender, and sexual identity of the representatives themselves. Voet, R. (1992). Patsy Mink (a), a Japanese American from Hawaii, was the first Asian American woman elected to the House of Representatives. Various reasons clarify why this is. In S. Besson & J. L. Mart (Eds. The representation of women in Australia: Meaning and make-believe. It evaluates empirical evidence on the impact of race, gender, and ethnicity on the behavior of legislators. Second, this same information reveals to us when somebody is strange, or something improper is going on. New York: Palgrave. . Martin-Woolman Ltd. Home; History; Services. Gain seats easily: A party that receives a high enough percentage of votes has a seat in . Towards a European union gender equality index. Descriptive research is a form of research that relies on a variety of different techniques to organize information. One of the biggest advantages of descriptive research is that it allows you to analyze facts and helps you in developing an in-depth understanding of the research problem. Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Should representatives be typical of their constituents? Descriptive Representation Descriptive representation refers to the election of racial and ethnic minor-ity members to policymaking bodies (Pitkin 1967). List of Pros of Bicameral Legislature. The Costs and Benefits of Descriptive Representation - SpringerLink For example, raw numbers may show that people are more prone to a specific behavior, but an interview will explain why this behavior is occurring. Like Mink, many other women sought and won political office, many with the help of the NWPC. Delegation of tasks to others offers the following benefits: 1. The debate about descriptive vs inferential statistics takes away from crafting a more holistic approach. Descriptive representation as an intrinsic good Theories of descriptive representation also suggest that voters may value representatives of the same race as an intrinsic good, regardless of any (perceived) substantive representation that accompanies it. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide, This PDF is available to Subscribers Only. Voice, trust, and memory: Marginalized groups and the failings of liberal representation. In N. Fraser & A. Honneth (Eds. 2 Winter 2014, Intersecting Interests: Gender, Race and Congressional Attention to Womens Issues, RETHINKING WOMEN'S SUBSTANTIVE REPRESENTATION. The maximization use of an executive law-making body is the crucial advantage that representative democracy can offer. doughty funeral home exmore, virginia obituaries, Woocommerce Remove Product Attribute Programmatically, radisson blu resort residences punta cana, largest man made lake in the world by surface area, is rosemary oil safe for color treated hair, tarrant county democratic party precinct chairs. Difference Between Descriptive and Substantive Representation Race has been a long-standing and stubborn dividing line in local, state, and national politics in the United States (Rogers 6). Bone conduction headphones have many pros, including no ear wax build-up or infections, and they can be helpful for people with tinnitus. thanked the writer. It may not be until one is pursing their final years of high school, or perhaps even in college when they are aware of Americas history of possessing a highly restrictive political system. Young, I. M. (1994). Gendered Citizenship and the Politics of Representation pp 87110Cite as, Part of the Citizenship, Gender and Diversity book series (FEMCIT). Ethnic Heterogeneity Ethnic Heterogeneity also known as ethnic diversity is another variable associated with social disorganization theory that I consider to be one of the. New York: Colombia University Press. Feminism, epistemology and morality. This article examines theoretical expectations on the importance of descriptive representation. Roemer, J. The diversity of the country is not reflected in the U.S. Congress, whose current membership is approximately 80 percent male, 82 percent white, and 92 percent Christian. PDF A Study of Strengths and Weaknesses of Descriptive Assessment from - ed (1982). This law-making body is generally controlled by the laws and governed by the state constitution. A political-philosophical exchange. Pros & Cons of Descriptive Research Varied. In the most comprehensive treatment on this subject to date, this article demonstrates that states with higher turnover rates and citizen legislatures are more conducive to the election of Latinos and demonstrates the institutional and demographic differences among several states affecting Latino descriptive representation. Use descriptive statistics to summarize and graph the data for a group that you choose. On the benefit side, intersectionality, welfare state and democratization seem to deliver several of the same goods as descriptive representation, raising the question of whether descriptive representation is at all recommendable, given what we know of its costliness.