Elizabeths legitimacy was one of many problems that Elizabeth faced when she became Queen in 1558. In 1587, Sir Francis Drake attacked the Spanish port of Cadiz in what would become known as the Singeing of the King of Spains beard. Many people did not want a foreigner influencing England policy. Another being the English sympathy to the protestant rebels on the Netherlands. - Threats of invasion or Elizabeth's authority were made worse by her financial situation. When Elizabeth I came to the throne in 1558, she inherited a difficult financial situation and a debt of 227,000. When are the GCSE exams for 2020?Which exam board are you studying? The threat of invasion was heavy as England was in the midst of strongly Catholic countries in Europe, who saw Elizabeth's Protestantism as a threat to their own countries and a major problem. The Act of Supremacy The queen's reassertion of control over religious matters was achieved via the April 1559 CE Act of Supremacy, once more closing the door on the Pope. VAT reg no 816865400. Elizabeth delayed the opening of this Parliament that had originally been summoned in the autumn of 1588 in response to the defeat of the Spanish Armada for as long as she could afford to, knowing that the Commons would be eager to broach two topics, religious debates and foreign policy, that she usually reserved to her prerogative. In 1485 - 1603 To What Extent Was The Government Of England - Phdessay Another serious contender was Francis, Duke of Alencon, later Duke of Anjou. Apply for student finance without a bank account? The Spanish had a greater army and Dudleys army was significantly smaller. In 1554 Mary had Elizabeth imprisoned in the Tower of London, briefly threatened her with execution, and then placed her under house arrest. I think I'm about to officially choose the Uni im going to but I'm not 100% sur, HELP, Official Imperial College 2023 Undergraduate Applicants Thread, Official Cambridge Postgraduate Applicants 2023 Thread, Plucking Serene Dreams From Golden Trees. Describe two features of Elizabeth's religious settlement 1559 5. Overview of Elizabeth I / Edward VI - Wikipedia There was a very real risk that he could form an alliance with other Catholic powers such as France and Spain and invade England. Level 4 is about analysis supported by a detailed line of reasoning, so embracing counter-arguments like this are encouraged (so long as they can be explained).]. By studying this week, students should have an understanding of: . Boston Spa, The raid on Cadiz was a good strategic move by the English and not only weakened the Spanish, but strengthened the English. However, the Privy Council had put huge pressure on Elizabeth to marry and urged her to take a husband in late 1559, which suggests that the Privy Council would have agreed on a suitor had there been someone suitable as they realised the importance of securing a Protestant English throne and the Tudor dynasty, and perhaps it was this lack of a suitable suitor that caused Elizabeth to remain . Roman Catholics . What he meant by this was he had inflicted significant temporary damage on the Spanish Armada and it would regrow in time. Roberto Ridolfi was a spy of the Pope. The most formidable female leaders in history - Stars Insider He was a protestant and head of his country; however England viewed Sweden as a mediocre power and not a nation to be linked with in marriage. Nevertheless, the answer has sustained conceptual focus and is wide-ranging in its analysis. How To Revise For GCSE Psychology Step-by-Step, Chapter 3:Elizabethan society in the Age of Exploration, 155888. Mary served as a permanent reminder at home and abroad that there was a legitimate Catholic heir to the throne and, with the Popes blessing, willing Catholic rebels could convince themselves they were doing Gods work. Design engineering imperial 2023 applicants, Border Force Officer - Core and Mobile teams recruitment campaign September 2022. Those involved planned for an invasion of England by French troops and were financed by Phillip II of Spain and the Pope. Elizabeth I | Hampton Court Palace | Historic Royal Palaces The harsh weather conditions made it impossible for the Spanish fleet to return to the Channel after the battle of Gravelines. A number of Catholic plots to remove Elizabeth in the 1570s and 1580s had his involvement although he was reluctant and half-hearted in their execution. Mary was married to Philip II of Spain. and reversing the religious settlement. The Ridolfi Plot of 1571 and later the Throckmorton and Babington Plots, of 1583 and 1586 respectively, all involved the aim of placing Mary on the throne. Therefore, I disagree with the statement. Born the daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn on 7 September 1533, Elizabeth's right to rule as queen of England never went unchallenged. Spanish invasion plans. He chose to sail around Scotland and Ireland which presented a dangerous route which the Spanish sailors were unfamiliar with. He then banned English trade with the Netherlands for a period of time which damaged Englands economy and caused much hardship for the English people. Before the rebel army was able to reach Tutbury, a large royal army forced them to retreat. When Mary eventually gets pregnant, Francis is initially . The traditional bonds between England and Spain were deteriorating and England needed the support of France for protection from Spain. LS23 6AD Elizabeth I - reigned from 1558-1603 Elizabeth I's first rebellion to deal with was the Shane O'Neill Rebellion, which occurred in Ireland and lasted from 1558-1567. When Elizabeth's reign began in 1558 England was in the middle of a 'mid-Tudor crisis'. The negotiations dragged on for four years with Elizabeth never giving a firm answer and Charles refusing to give up his Catholic faith. Elizabeth I inherited a position of war with France, which was declared by Mary in 1556. The rebellion involved a force of approximately 5500 men and, for approximately a month, the north of England (from Alnwick to Pontefract, east of the Pennines) was in the control of the northern earls. However, the Act also established a national poor rate, made JPs (Justices of the Peace) keep registers of the poor and gave towns and cities the responsibility to find work for the able-bodied poor. When Elizabeth came to the throne in 1558 her people were divided by religion. The English navy attempted some minor raids but they were largely ineffective as only 2 Spanish ships were lost, and these were by accident. There are 4 main exam boards used in the UK. He was the son of King Henry VIII by his third wife, Jane Seymour.Throughout the realm, the people greeted the birth of a male heir, "whom we hungered for so long", with joy and relief. Reigned: queen of England and Ireland for 44 years, from 17 November 1558 until her death in 1603. Upon his arrival, he accepted the position of Governor-General which proved to be a big mistake as it suggested that Elizabeth had taken control of the Netherlands. The execution of Mary, Queen of Scots, finally removed the on-going threat at home from Catholics who wanted to replace Elizabeth with her. Elizabeth I - the last Tudor monarch - was born at Greenwich on 7 September 1533, the daughter of Henry VIII and his second wife, Anne Boleyn. The reasons for, and significance of, the Revolt of the Northern Earls, 156970. In 1558, England and Spain were still allies against France, but King Philip of Spain (who had been married to Mary) hated Protestantism with a passion. -In 1558, Elizabeth the first became queen. When Elizabeth I acquired the English throne in 1558, many believed due to the religious decisions of her predecessors, dating back to Henry VIII's reign, Elizabeth had inherited a country that was predominantly Catholic in belief. Answer:Despite initially being a threat to England, civil war in France from 1562 meant the French monarchs were too preoccupied with home affairs to pose a thr eye27 eye27 11.05.2020 The fear of a Catholic uprising and a plot against Elizabeth was a constant threat to her. Elizabeth therefore committed actions that helped undermine the Spanish whilst ensuring England did not become fully embroiled in the conflict. The Armada set sail in May 1588, but due to bad weather and attempts by an English fleet to intercept it, was delayed for several weeks in the Bay of Biscay. Her first husband, Francis II, had died in December 1560. Pope, Head of Catholic church would excommunicate her. The Ridolfi plot failed mostly due to Elizabeths allies passing the names of the main conspirators involved to her. Te Deums were sung in churches, bonfires lit, and "their was shott at the Tower that night above two thousand . Elizabeth's parents, Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn. Many reasons led to discontent between Spain and England. France however, thought her intention was to create war between France and Spain while England looked on. Queen Elizabeth and King Phillip II were still reluctant to openly declare war with one another however, in 1585, this changed due to dispute over the Netherlands. - Most significant problem she faced as if she didn't have money she couldn't defend England against invasions. In 1595 Elizabeth had to deal with a rebellion in Ireland led by Tyrone and O'Donnell. Boston Spa, The English had drastically improved their shipbuilding techniques which gave them several technological advantages. Over 100,000 of this was owed to the Antwerp Exchange who charged an interest rate of 14%. 2002-2023 Tutor2u Limited. Elizabeth I and Spain - History Learning Site Elizabeth was actually popular which meant those conspiring to overthrow her lacked public support. To what extent should changes in the relationship between monarchy and "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 4th explanation - Most significant problem she faced as if she didn't have money she couldn't defend England against invasions. By spring 1588, the Spanish Armada was complete and King Phillip was ready to launch his, The Armada was a huge fleet consisting of, The Spanish also had thousands of more soldiers stationed in the Netherlands under the command of the. We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. Stimulus = Anne Boleyn / The threat from France, [Examiner commentary following each paragraph and at the end is provided in italics], ____________________________________________________. LS23 6AD he could also overthrow her. - death of henry II. The most important reason why Mary was a threat to Elizabeth's reign was the fact that Mary was Catholic. France, Spain and Scotland were all Catholic countries in 1558. In 1584, the rebel leader, William the Silent was assassinated, and the Dutch resistance was at risk of defeat. [This last point is important and often students dont embrace the anomalies for fear that it will undermine their argument. If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page.. At the beginning of her reign, an obvious candidate for Elizabeth to marry was her half sister's widow, Phillip of Spain. PDF Subject: History Year: 10Lesson 3 - Schudio Working for the British, Native American Manteo was placed in charge of the expedition by Sir Walter Raleigh. She managed these difficulties with great pragmatism and opportunism, reducing the threat of invasion. After his successful raid on Cadiz, Drake sailed along the coast of Portugal and Spain, seizing Spanish ships and destroying supplies that were being sent to Lisbon for the Armada. Why was the throckmorton plot a threat to elizabeth 12 marker? The invasion failed, however. Best Answer. More significantly, she was worried she would have to adopt a secondary role in the running of her country, as the period was very patriarchal. Why was France a threat? The Problems Facing Elizabeth in 1558 - Coggle After Anne Boleyn was executed, Henry had the marriage annulled, effectively meaning that it never happened. As Catholics do not believe in divorce it means that the marriage between Henry and Catherine was never dissolved, and therefore, the marriage with Anne never happened, and as a result of this Elizabeth was an illegitimate child and had no right to the throne of England. Company Reg no: 04489574. ( Public Domain ) Henry VIII was succeeded by his son Edward VI who reigned for a mere six years before succumbing to tuberculosis at the age of 15. Elizabeth's greatest problem in 1558 was the threat of invasion. Insolvency therefore limited the choices of the new Queen and instantly undermined her power. By 1572 Protestant ideas had spread in the Netherlands and Protestant Dutch rebels began a campaign for independence from Catholic Spain, leading to the Dutch Revolt. Elizabeths legitimacy becomes a problem because of this marriage. Boston House, It was a turning point: the rest of Elizabeth's reign was bedevilled by plots and rumours of Catholic rebellion. Probably at the core of Elizabeth's decision to remain single was an unwillingness to compromise her power. At the start of her reign in 1558, Elizabeth faced many problems it was a very tumultuous time for her. Good explanation and link back to the question here at the end of the paragraph.]. - Overall, I think the threat of invasion was one of Elizabeth's problems when she became queen as both Spain and France were powerful countries who had reasons to invade England and this was increased as Spain and France could unite against Protestant England. They began to revolt against the Spanish. Another extremely important problem Elizabeth faced were the threats from the Auld Alliance of France and Scotland, two Catholic countries that England was sandwiched between. The Netherlands had been part of the Spanish empire since the 1550s. Elizabeth increased her financial commitment to the cause of the Dutch rebels and hired mercenary soldiers to intervene in the conflict under the leadership of John Casimir. During this journey, they encountered several powerful Atlantic storms and this resulted in many ships sinking or being wrecked on the Scottish and Irish coasts. . For example, from 1567, Elizabeth allowed the Dutch sea beggars to shelter in English harbours (from where they then attacked Spanish ships in the English Channel who were making their way with men and materiel to support Albas mission). Elizabeth I: Facts About The 'Virgin Queen', Daughter Of Anne Boleyn Moreover, the brazenness of these revolts was further helped by the blessing of the Pope, whose directives on recusancy and overthrowing Elizabeth were obeyed by many Catholics both domestically and internationally. This was a huge sum of money, especially when you consider the annual income of the Crown was approximately 286,000. God blew and they were scattered - The National Archives Spain had become a great military power as Phillip ruled Spain, the Netherlands and parts of Italy. Stimulus = Mary Queen of Scots arrival in England / The sea beggars, [Examiner commentary following each paragraph and at the end is provided in italics], ____________________________________________________. The use of fireships by the British exposed this weakness. Humiliatingly, Elizabeth had to confirm the loss of Calais, which had been an English possession since 1347. The Spanish responded by doing the same to the English. It had to deal with Irish . Student / Here is an example answer to the following 16-mark question on the problem posed to Elizabeth I upon her accession arising from the question of legitimacy. The invasion would include the murder of Elizabeth and the placing of Mary, Queen of Scots on the throne. Elizabeth and the Netherlands Issue - 1576-1584 (GCSE Example - Tutor2u From 1574, with the help of the Pope, Catholic priests were also being smuggled into England to continue the spread of the Catholic faith.
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